Overview of Lysosomal Storage Diseases including Cystinosis, Fabry’s disease, Gaucher’s disease, Hunter’s disease, Hurler’s disease, Sanfillipo Syndrome, Krabbe’s disease, Niemann-Pick disease, Tay-Sach’s disease. Lysosomal storage diseases are inborn errors of metabolism that are rare conditions inherited through recessive genes. There are many lysosomal storage diseases and each are caused by mutations that reduce the efficacy of lysosomal enzymes or lysosomal transporters, thus resulting in accumulation or “storage” of compounds within the lysosome. Each condition has specific physical findings as well.

In this lesson, we discuss these lysosomal storage diseases, and we discuss a variety of mnemonics we can use to help us remember what we need to know about these conditions.

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Check out some of my other lessons.

Medical Terminology – The Basics – Lesson 1:

Fatty Acid Synthesis Pathway:

Wnt/B Catenin Signaling Pathway:

Upper vs. Lower Motor Neuron Lesions:

Lesson on the Purine Synthesis and Salvage Pathway:

Gastrulation | Formation of Germ Layers:

Introductory lesson on Autophagy (Macroautophagy):

Infectious Disease Playlist

Dermatology Playlist

Pharmacology Playlist

Hematology Playlist

Rheumatology Playlist

Endocrinology Playlist

Nephrology Playlist

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**MEDICAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal.

Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

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*Although I try my best to present accurate information, there may be mistakes in this video. If you do see any mistakes with information in this lesson, please comment and let me know.*

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Educational video describing the classification of nerve injuries.
A penetrating cut at the wrist will affect the flexor carpi radialis tendon and most likely injure the median nerve. A nerve is a bundle of axons that are grouped into fascicles. Nerve provide a pathway for impulses to be transmitted along each of the axons to the limbs and organs.
Cross section of the nerve
•Perineurium: covers the fascicles
•fascicle
•endoneurium surrounds each axon.
•Myelin sheath allows the signal to move faster along the axon.
•Axon
Injury to the axon may be caused due to a single or double crush injury. Classification of the nerve injury depends on the nerve components affected, loss of functionality and the ability of the nerve to recover.
Classification of the nerve injury depends on the nerve components affected, loss of functionality and the ability of the nerve to recover. Two grading systems are used to define the extent of the nerve injury:
1-Seddon’s classification includes neurapraxia, axonotmesis, and neurotmesis in the order of increasing severity.
2-Sunderland’s: five grades of nerve injuries.
Seddon’s classification includes three types of nerve injuries:
•Type I: neurapraxia: prognosis is good with neurapraxia and it’s the mildest form of nerve injury and the nerve remains intact. Temporary loss of motor and sensory function due to blockage of nerve conduction. No conduction occurs across the area of injury. It may result from pressure ischemia. The signaling ability of the nerve is damaged, however, this injury usually recovers completely and there is no axonal injury here. It may take up to 12 weeks to recover. There is no fibrillation-fibrillation is only seen when there is an axonal injury. There is no axonal injury. There is the only block of the conduction. Conduction is intact in the distal segment and also the proximal segment but no conduction occurs across the area of injury.
•Type II: axonotmesis: it occurs in crush injuries or displaced bone fractures causing disruption of the nerve cell axon. The axon is damaged and the surrounding connective tissue remains intact. There will be partial or complete recovery of the nerve and Wallerian degeneration occurs distal to the injury site. Recovery depends on the regrowth of the axon and also the distance that is involved. Recovery occurs 1 mm per day or 1 inch per month. There will be fibrillation and positive sharp waves. With re-innervation and recovery, motor unit potentials will be seen. No conduction velocity distal to the lesion and axonal sprouting and regeneration usually occurs. Recovery is possible without surgery and it may take several months.
•Type III: neurotmesis: it occurs with knife lacerations, gun shot wound or severe ischemic injuries. The axon and surrounding connective tissues are damaged. Most serious nerve injury. No recovery, fibrillation is present and the injury usually requires surgery. Motor neuron unit potential is usually absent. If the motor unit potential is found, it means the axon has been spared.
Neurapraxia may be associated with brachial plexus injuries such as a “stinger” or “burner” injury commonly seen in football players. This injury usually improves.
Neurapraxia of the radial nerve or “Saturday night palsy” occurs from compression of the radial nerve at the spiral groove of the humerus. Radial nerve palsy associated with a Holstein-Lewis fracture could show signs of neurapraxia with wrist drop which later recovers. Observe the patient and get an EMG. However, open fractures of the humerus with radial nerve palsy are probably more prone to type III neurotmesis nerve injuries. The radial nerve should be explored. Because of injury to the radial nerve, the patient may be experiencing the condition known as “Wrist drop”.
Peripheral nerves have the ability to regenerate, the muscle fiber (the axon) is very long. It travels a long distance towards its target (muscle). A long time is needed to the peripheral nerve to recover so it can reach its target and achieve good function.
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See much more honest health information at: http://www.rehealthify.com/

Rehealthify offers reliable, up-to-date health information, anytime, anywhere, for free.

— video script below —
Animal diseases that people can catch are called zoonoses. Many diseases affecting humans can be traced to animals or animal products. You can get a disease directly from an animal, or indirectly, through the environment.
Farm animals can carry diseases. If you touch them or things they have touched, like fencing or buckets, wash your hands thoroughly. Adults should make sure children who visit farms or petting zoos wash up as well.
Though they may be cute and cuddly, wild animals may carry germs, viruses, and parasites. Deer and deer mice carry ticks that cause Lyme disease. Some wild animals may carry rabies. Enjoy wildlife from a distance.
Pets can also make you sick. Reptiles pose a particular risk. Turtles, snakes and iguanas can transmit Salmonella bacteria to their owners. You can get rabies from an infected dog or toxoplasmosis from handling kitty litter of an infected cat. The chance that your dog or cat will make you sick is small. You can reduce the risk by practicing good hygiene, keeping pet areas clean and keeping your pets’ shots up-to-date.
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In this short animation we demonstrate how a mosquito passes malaria to human beings and what you can do to protect yourself.

(Part 2 of 2 )

Playlist link – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HSP97w5MXUg&list=PLhQpDGfX5e7DPz2IlVrVUu-v8GMNKyEcT

Transcript – http://podcast.open.ac.uk/feeds/3263_transcriptsforyoutubecollectionsthatmightnotg/transcript/40084_160112_344_6ch.pdf

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Study SDK100 Science and health: an evidence-based approach
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The leading cause of liver transplants in the United States is Hepatitis C. Anthony Michaels, MD, transplant hepatologist and medical director of liver transplantation at Ohio State explains diagnosis, treatment and cure. The virus is transmitted via blood contact, and risk factors include blood transfusion, intravenous drug use, tattoos, body piercing and sexual contact. Although many patients remain asymptomatic, routine blood tests may lead to a diagnosis. Dr. Michaels emphasizes the progress made with new well-tolerated medicines that can actually cure Hepatitis C. To learn more or to schedule an appointment, visit https://internalmedicine.osu.edu/digestivediseases/ or call (614) 293-6255.

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