“The role of youths in ending the neglect”, presented by Maximillian Godwin (Southern African Development Community Youth Forum Health Committee & Youth Combating NTDs)

​Recorded on Thursday July 23rd 2020 as part of the online ISNTD Connect series of short meetings, launched during the 2020 COVID19 pandemic to keep researchers and professionals in the fields of global and tropical health connected.

www.isntd.org/isntd-connect

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India’s healthcare system is broken, and nowhere is this more apparent than the way the system neglects its most marginalised. The Swaddle brings you the healthcare story India forgot – the story of the neglected tropical diseases.

Credits:
Edited and voiced by: Aditi Chauhan
VJs in Odisha: Srikanta Jena, Santanu Shou
VJ in Raebareli: Sunny Singh
Odiya translations: Sangeet Anshuman, Sourav Pattanaik
Hindi translations and subtitles: Dhruvi Chhajer
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Fit Rahe India: What should men do to keep fit, once they are 30!

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Infectious diseases have had some pretty major impacts on human history… and that’s putting it mildly. Here are 6 diseases that shaped human history

Hosted by: Stefan Chin

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Sources:

Plague
https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/01/140129-justinian-plague-black-death-bacteria-bubonic-pandemic/
http://jmvh.org/article/the-history-of-plague-part-1-the-three-great-pandemics/
https://www.ancient.eu/article/782/justinians-plague-541-542-ce/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22767313
http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/plague.pdf
http://www.austincc.edu/microbio/2704l/pla.htm
http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2027479_2027486_2027547,00.html
https://www.history.com/topics/black-death

Smallpox
http://www.mountvernon.org/digital-encyclopedia/article/disease-in-the-revolutionary-war/
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-human-body/human-diseases/smallpox/
https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/o/oldstone-viruses.html
http://www.pbs.org/gunsgermssteel/variables/smallpox.html
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/smallpox/faq/en/
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/11/european-diseases-left-genetic-mark-native-americans

Syphilis
https://www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/stdfact-syphilis-detailed.htm
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/may/17/syphilis-sex-fear-borgias
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3109405/
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/syphilis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351756
http://www.dictionary.com/browse/chemotherapy
https://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/83/8325/8325salvarsan.html
http://jmvh.org/article/syphilis-its-early-history-and-treatment-until-penicillin-and-the-debate-on-its-origins/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3956094/
https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1908/ehrlich-bio.html

Cholera
http://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/snowcricketarticle.html

John Snow: A Legacy of Disease Detectives

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3730273/

Yellow Fever
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs100/en/
http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/contagion/panamacanal.html
https://www.cdc.gov/yellowfever/index.html
https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/history/panama_canal.html
https://www.epa.gov/mosquitocontrol/success-mosquito-control-integrated-approach
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/homemade-liquid-solution-kill-mosquitoes-94933.html

Hemophilia
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2009/10/case-closed-famous-royals-suffered-hemophilia
https://www.nature.com/scitable/content/Royal-hemophilia-and-Romanov-DNA-17556
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002051.htm
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002052.htm
https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/tay-sachs-disease#inheritance
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002051.htm
https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/hemophilia#inheritance
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4260295/

We might be close to eliminating a second disease: polio.
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Only one human disease in history has been fully stamped out; smallpox, with the World Health Organization declaring it eradicated way back in 1980.

But polio could be next.

Yes, the disease that brings up imagery of wheelchairs and iron lungs might soon be on its way out, but we’re not there quite yet.

Polio, also known as poliomyelitis, is an infectious disease caused by the aptly named poliovirus, which comes in three strains, and is spread mostly by consuming contaminated water.

Polio can be passed through the air with oral fluids, like from a cough or a sneeze, but the cycle today usually begins with fecal oral transmission, mostly in areas with poor sanitation.

Those infected with the poliovirus can experience no symptoms, but people can experience fatigue, fever, muscle weakness, loss of muscle, headaches, nausea, and more. Polio’s most severe form can lead to paralysis, weakened lungs, and, sometimes, death.

On this episode of SICK, we talk with Jay Wenger, Director of Polio at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, about the infectious disease, how it spreads, its symptoms, and the ongoing eradication efforts.

#Polio #Disease #Health #SICK #Seeker #Science
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SICK is a new series that looks at how diseases actually work inside our body. We’ll be visiting medical centers and talking to top researchers and doctors to uncover the mysteries of viruses, bacteria, fungi and our own immune system. Come back every Tuesday for a new episode and let us know in the comments which diseases you think we should cover next.
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Read More:
One hundred years of poliovirus pathogenesis
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042682205005830

So close: remaining challenges to eradicating polio
https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-016-0594-6

Polio vaccination: past, present and future
https://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/full/10.2217/fmb.15.19
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Dangers of smoking | Health | Biology | FuseSchool

Did you know that smokers are twice as likely to have a heart attack? And that one in two smokers will die from a smoking-related disease.

In fact all of these things are negatively affected by smoking… pretty much every organ in your body!

Circulation; Heart; Lungs; Mouth and throat; Stomach; Brain; Skin; Reproduction and fertility; Bones

We all know that smoking is bad, but do you know why?

That’s what we’re going to discover in this video.

When you pass someone smoking, does it make you cough or your chest feel tight?

Perhaps you thought it was the smell? It’s actually because you’re inhaling dangerous substances into your body.

Nicotine is a toxin that stimulates your body to produce adrenaline. This increases your heart rate and raises your blood pressure, thus making your heart work harder. It is also addictive, which is why it’s very difficult for smokers to quit.

Tar contains over a thousand chemicals. It forms a tacky brown or yellow residue – which is why some smokers have stained teeth. And if you could see them – stained lungs too.

Some of the chemicals in tar are carcinogens – so they cause cancer, making lung, mouth and throat cancers more common in smokers.

The last culprit you need to know about is Carbon Monoxide. It is an odourless, colourless and extremely poisonous gas. The carbon monoxide permanently binds to haemoglobin in your blood, blocking oxygen from binding.

So oxygen can’t be transported around the body and used for respiration, causing shortness of breath and fatigue. Your heart once more has to beat even faster to supply the body with the oxygen it needs.

Let’s now look at some diseases caused by smoking…

Emphysema is when the tiny structures in your lungs called alveoli, break down.

As alveoli are responsible for gas exchange, this is not good news. The inhaled smoke causes the walls of the alveoli to weaken and decrease in surface area, making gas exchange less efficient. Unsurprisingly, breathing becomes much harder and smokers are much more at risk of coughs and chest infections.

Smoking also causes the cilia in the lungs to become irritated, and produce excess mucus.

So that’s the lungs. And we saw earlier that nicotine and carbon monoxide make the heart work much harder.

Now the blood vessels.

Plaque building up in the coronary arteries, so the ones that transport oxygen rich blood around the heart, can over time cause a blood clot to form, which cuts off some of the heart muscle and causes it to die. This is the most common cause of heart attacks.

So we’ve seen that smoking increases your risk of heart, lung, kidney disease, strokes and cancers.

Smoking can also make your bones more brittle and so more likely to break. And also it can greatly reduce fertility in both men and women.

So, now you know some of the harmful effects smoking has on your body and why we’re told not to do it. But the good news… once you stop smoking, your health improves and your body will begin to recover. It’s never too late to give up!

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Cigarettes aren’t good for us. That’s hardly news — we’ve known about the dangers of smoking for decades. But how exactly do cigarettes harm us, and can our bodies recover if we stop? Krishna Sudhir details what happens when we smoke — and when we quit.

Lesson by Krishna Sudhir, directed by TED-Ed.

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Comment down below how many did you get.

I made some pictogram diseases puzzles.
You can guess the disease within the time limit or pause the video.

These puzzles are made by me, I spent a lot of my time building
these puzzles, chopping words and thinking what can be the equivalent picture or emoji for it.

Some of the emoji are made by me.

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Watch the full video, for free, here! https://osms.it/glycogen_storage_disease_type_I

What is glycogen storage disease type I? Glycogen storage disease type I, also called Von-Gierke’s disease, is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the glucose 6 phosphatase gene on chromosome 17. The end result is that glycogen can’t be broken down into glucose in liver cells, so glucose metabolism goes awry, resulting in symptoms like low blood sugar, weakness and poor growth.

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Are you aware that your child can be exposed to numerous contagious diseases at school? Watch this video on common communicable diseases in children that your child can pick up at school and how to treat them.

School is not just a place of education, but where your child comes in contact with many other children. This increases the chances of coming into direct contact with parasites, viruses, and bacteria, making your child more susceptible to catching various kinds of contagious diseases in children. This video gives you information on common communicable diseases in schools, how to treat them, and ways to reduce exposure to harmful bacteria and viruses.

#CommunicableDiseasesInChildren #ContagiousDiseasesInChildren

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https://parenting.firstcry.com/articles/10-common-communicable-diseases-your-child-can-pick-up-at-school/

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See much more honest health information at: http://www.rehealthify.com/

Rehealthify offers reliable, up-to-date health information, anytime, anywhere, for free.

— video script below —
Animal diseases that people can catch are called zoonoses. Many diseases affecting humans can be traced to animals or animal products. You can get a disease directly from an animal, or indirectly, through the environment.
Farm animals can carry diseases. If you touch them or things they have touched, like fencing or buckets, wash your hands thoroughly. Adults should make sure children who visit farms or petting zoos wash up as well.
Though they may be cute and cuddly, wild animals may carry germs, viruses, and parasites. Deer and deer mice carry ticks that cause Lyme disease. Some wild animals may carry rabies. Enjoy wildlife from a distance.
Pets can also make you sick. Reptiles pose a particular risk. Turtles, snakes and iguanas can transmit Salmonella bacteria to their owners. You can get rabies from an infected dog or toxoplasmosis from handling kitty litter of an infected cat. The chance that your dog or cat will make you sick is small. You can reduce the risk by practicing good hygiene, keeping pet areas clean and keeping your pets’ shots up-to-date.
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Study Infection and immunity free at the Open University http://www.open.edu/openlearn/health-sports-psychology/infection-and-immunity/content-section-overview

In this short animation we demonstrate how a mosquito passes malaria to human beings and what you can do to protect yourself.

(Part 2 of 2 )

Playlist link – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HSP97w5MXUg&list=PLhQpDGfX5e7DPz2IlVrVUu-v8GMNKyEcT

Transcript – http://podcast.open.ac.uk/feeds/3263_transcriptsforyoutubecollectionsthatmightnotg/transcript/40084_160112_344_6ch.pdf

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Study SDK100 Science and health: an evidence-based approach
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(January 26, 2010) Michael Marks, Stanford Professor of Radiology, and Robert Dodd, Stanford Assistant Professor in Neurosurgery and Radiology, discuss three pathologies: strokes, aneurisms, arteriovenous malformations.

Stanford Mini Med School is a series arranged and directed by Stanford’s School of Medicine, and presented by the Stanford Continuing Studies program.

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The peripheral nervous system involves the parts of the nervous system beyond the brain and spine. Neuromuscular specialists like Ohio State’s W. David Arnold, MD, treat a variety of disorders including muscular disorders such as muscular dystrophy, polymyositis and dermatomyositis, peripheral neuropathies such as Charcot Tooth, and neuromuscular junction disorders such as myasthenia gravis. Symptoms of these disorders may include general weakness, fatigue, numbness, tingling, and sometimes pain. To develop a definitive diagnosis and individual treatment plan, each patient undergoes a comprehensive evaluation, including medical history, physical exam and targeted testing. As more is understood about the causes of neuromuscular disease, better treatments are being developed to stop and reverse some damage or improve symptoms. To learn more or to schedule an appointment, call (614) 293-4969 or visit http://wexnermedical.osu.edu/patient-care/healthcare-services/brain-spine-neuro/neuromuscular-disorders

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